Critical literacy is an academic concept and methodological approach that extends beyond basic comprehension to critically analyze texts and media. It focuses on understanding how texts are constructed, the embedded power relations and ideologies they convey, and their social and political implications. This approach investigates how language and representation shape perceptions and reinforce or challenge dominant narratives, emphasizing the political nature of communication and empowering individuals to question assumptions, identify bias, and engage critically for social awareness and informed action.